Precautionary Measures

Resolution No. 2/26
PM 1892-25 - José Luis Subero Reyes, Venezuela

On January 9, 2026, the IACHR granted precautionary measures on behalf of José Luis Subero Reyes, after considering that he is in a serious and urgent situation, given that his rights to life, personal integrity, and health are at risk of irreparable harm in Venezuela.

According to the request, the beneficiary is a personnel analyst at the Andrés Gutiérrez Solís Hospital and a human rights activist. Since November 25, 2025, his whereabouts, legal status, and current health condition are unknown. For its part, the State did not provide information to the IACHR. Under these circumstances, based on Article 25 of the Rules of Procedure, the Commission requests that Venezuela:

  1. adopt the necessary measures to protect the rights to life, personal integrity, and health of José Luis Subero Reyes. In particular:
    1. report whether the beneficiary is in the custody of the State and, if so, indicate the reason and circumstances of his detention; or, the measures taken to determine his whereabouts or fate;
    2. if the beneficiary is in the custody of the State, indicate whether he has been charged with crimes and whether he has been brought before a competent court to review his detention, if so, expressly mention the court that hears his criminal case, or if he has not appeared before a court, clarify the reason why he has not done so;
    3. facilitate the beneficiary’s communication with his family, representatives, and trusted attorneys, and give them full access to his judicial file, if any;
    4. immediately conduct a medical assessment of his health condition and ensure timely and specialized medical care and treatment, informing his family members and representatives of the results;
  2. adopt the necessary measures to ensure that the beneficiary can carry out his activities as a human rights defender without being subjected to threats, harassment, intimidation, or acts of violence; and
  3. report on the actions taken to investigate the alleged facts that led to the adoption of this precautionary measure, so as to prevent such events from reoccurring.

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Resolution No. 1/26
PM 1904-25 - Fernando Enrique Orozco Cassiani, his family unit, and Carolina Briceño, Venezuela

On January 9, 2026, the IACHR granted precautionary measures to Fernando Enrique Orozco Cassiani, Dilia Margarita Castillo Jiménez de Orozco, Brayant Fernando Orozco Castillo, Luz María Cassiani Villa, and Carolina Briceño, after considering that they are in a serious and urgent situation, given that their rights to life, personal integrity, and health are at risk of irreparable harm in Venezuela.

According to the request, Fernando Enrique Orozco Cassiani is a former deputy of the National Assembly. On November 25, he, his wife, his son, and his ex-partner were allegedly detained by state officials, and their whereabouts have been unknown since then. Meanwhile, his mother has reportedly been threatened by those officials. For its part, the State did not provide any information to the IACHR. Under these circumstances, based on Article 25 of the Rules of Procedure, the Commission requests that Venezuela:

  1. adopt the necessary measures to protect the rights to life, personal integrity, and health of Fernando Enrique Orozco Cassiani, Dilia Margarita Castillo Jiménez de Orozco, Brayant Fernando Orozco Castillo, Luz María Cassiani Villa, and Carolina Briceño;
  2. report whether Fernando Enrique Orozco Cassiani, Dilia Margarita Castillo Jiménez de Orozco, Brayant Fernando Orozco Castillo, and Carolina Briceño are in the custody of the State and, if so, indicate the place, reason, and circumstances of their detention; or, the measures taken to determine their whereabouts or fate;
  3. if they are in the custody of the State, implement sufficient measures to ensure that the detention conditions of Fernando Enrique Orozco Cassiani, Dilia Margarita Castillo Jiménez de Orozco, Brayant Fernando Orozco Castillo, and Carolina Briceño are compatible with applicable international standards. In particular, the following:
    1. facilitate communication with their family members, representatives and trusted lawyers, giving them full access to the judicial file, if any;
    2. indicate whether they have been charged with crimes and whether they have been brought before a competent court to review their detention, if so, expressly mention the court that has oversight of their criminal cases, or if they have not appeared before a court, clarify the reason why they have not done so;
    3. immediately carry out a medical assessment on their health situation, and guarantee timely and specialized medical care and treatment, informing their family members and representatives of the results;
  4. take the necessary measures to ensure that Luz María Cassiani Villa is not subjected to threats, harassment, intimidation or acts of violence; and
  5. report on the actions taken to investigate the alleged events that led to the adoption of this precautionary measure, so as to prevent such events from reoccurring.

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